Sains Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2175-2190

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-02

Genetic Relationship Analysis of Chrysanthemum Genotypes Based on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters

(Analisis Hubungan Genetik Genotip Chrysanthemum Berdasarkan Sifat Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif)

LIAUW LIA SANJAYA¹, HANUDIN¹, KURNIAWAN BUDIARTO^1,*, MAWADDAH¹, INDIJARTO BUDI RAHARDJO¹, FITRI RACHMAWATI¹, RIDHO KURNIATI¹, HERNI SHINTIAVIRA¹, RITA INDRASTI¹, JEFNY B. MARKUS RAWUNG¹, DJOKO MULYONO¹,M. ACE SUHENDAR², SAJIMIN³, ABD. GHAFFAR⁴, R. BAMBANG HERYANTO⁵, SASANTI WIDIARSIH⁶ & ITA DWIMAHYANI⁶

¹Indonesian Center Research of Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Agency for Research and Innovation, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, Indonesia

²Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16911

³Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java,  Indonesia 16911

⁴Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl.Jend. Gatot Subroto No.10 Jakarta Selatan 12710, Indonesia

⁵Research Center for Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java,  Indonesia 16911

⁶National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya, No. 49 Jakarta  12440

Received: 12 January 2023/Accepted: 11 July 2023

Abstracts

Genetic improvements through biotechnological approaches have been successfully employed in many economically important crops, including ornamentals. The gamma-ray particle bombardment has been applied in the chrysanthemum variety Puspita Nusantara and superior mutants has successfully generated without degrading its important marketable characteristics. The vegetative and reproductive performances of 47 superior mutant genotypes from Puspita Nusantara are evaluated and compared with three references varieties, i.e., Puspita Nusantara, Stangkon and Arosuko Pelangi based on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The evaluation was carried out to select superior mutants with better characteristics. The results show that all chrysanthemum genotypes exhibited variations in quantitative characteristics, except in node length, the width of the widest point of inflorescence, the number of flowers per plant, and floret width. Six qualitative characters, i.e., non-glossy leaves, medium indentation depth, the existence of keel, inner and outer floret color, disc color before anther dehiscence, and disc color after anther dehiscence were similar in all genotypes. Mutant clones G6, G8, C1, KA7, G9, AG0, N9, and Q5 show preferable quantitative performances than the reference varieties. Clone W5 has comparative characteristics to Stangkon and can be further evaluated for alternative reference. The selected mutant genotypes provide better choices for farmers to plant more competitive varieties.

Keywords: Chrysanthemum; mutant clones; mutation breeding; qualitative characteristics; quantitative characteristics

Abstrak

Penambahbaikan genetik melalui pendekatan bioteknologi telah berjaya diguna pakai dalam pelbagai tanaman penting daripada segi ekonomi, termasuklah tanaman hiasan. Pembedilan zarah sinar gamma telah digunakan dalam kekwa Puspita Nusantara dan mutan superior telah berjaya dijana tanpa merendahkan ciri pemasaran penting. Prestasi vegetatif dan reproduktif 47 genotip mutan superior daripada Puspita Nusantara dinilai dan dibandingkan dengan tiga varieti semakan iaitu Puspita Nusantara, Stangkon dan Arosuko Pelangi berdasarkan ciri kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penilaian telah dijalankan bagi memilih mutan superior dengan ciri yang lebih baik. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa semua genotip kekwa menunjukkan variasi dalam ciri kuantitatif, kecuali panjang nod, lebar poin terluas perbungaan, bilangan bunga setiap pokok dan lebar floret. Enam ciri kualitatif iaitu daun tidak berkilat, kedalaman lekukan pertengahan, kewujudan tunas, warna floret dalam dan luar, warna cakera sebelum dehisen anter dan warna cakera selepas dehisen anter adalah serupa bagi kesemua genotip. Klon mutan G6, G8, C1, KA7, G9, AG0, N9 dan Q5 menunjukkan prestasi kuantitatif yang lebih baik daripada varieti semakan. Klon W5 mempunyai ciri bandingan dengan Stangkon dan boleh dinilai selanjutnya untuk semakan alternatif. Genotip mutan terpilih dapat memberi lebih pilihan kepada petani untuk menanam varieti yang lebih kompetitif.

Kata kunci: Ciri kualitatif; ciri kuantitatif; kekwa; klon mutan; pembiakbakaan mutase

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*Corresponding author; email: kbud1arto@gmail.com